In this Theology Lab conversation, Brad East explores why debates over penal substitutionary atonement (PSA) have become so divisive in modern Christianity. While PSA remains a widely taught explanation of how Jesus saves through his death and resurrection, critics argue it distorts God’s character, portraying divine justice as wrathful or even abusive. East pushes beyond simplistic arguments, urging Christians to engage the topic more charitably and thoughtfully. Rather than declaring winners, he reframes the discussion as a theological and pastoral challenge—one that calls for humility, historical awareness, and a broader appreciation of how Scripture describes salvation in multiple, complementary ways.